Essay about Drug Abuse and Crime - 2072 Words

Drug Abuse Crime When I was brainstorming about my term paper topic I came up with an interesting topic which is Drug Abuse Crime. I thought it was imperative to learn about how drug abuse affects the crime rates in America. I will be discussing other subjects such as how many criminals are actually under the influence of a drug when committing a crime including illicit and licit drugs. Additionally, I will be discussing what drugs the criminals were under the influence of and the statistics surrounding drug abuse and crime and what programs are available to help with the problem. I think I have selected a broad and informational topic that we must be concerned about. Although, the concern about drug abuse and crime rates is nothing†¦show more content†¦Therefore, I began researching this question and came across some valuable facts and information. I concurred from (Crime and Alcohol, 2011), that about 3 million violent crimes occur each year in which victims perceive the offender to have been drinking at the time of the offense. Among those victims who provided information about the offenders use of alcohol, about 35 percent of the victimizations involved an offender who had been drinking. According to, (The National Center for Victims of Crime, 2011) drug users are more likely than nonusers to commit crimes. Now that we know how alcohol contributes to crime in America it is only appropriate to discuss how cocaine, heroin, and crack contribute to the crime rates in America. As we all have learned from our studies in class when an individual is under the influence of drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and crack people often suffer from many symptoms such as pharmacological effects, cardiovascular effects, and central nervous system effects (cited in, Hanson 2009, p. 269-270). One statement about the link between cocaine and crime has really astounded me and contributes to my concerns about drug abuse and crime. The author of the article (Cocaine Abuse and Addiction, Crime, Freebasing, Crack Cocaine, 2011), has stated that the problem with cocaine and crime is so bad that he declares cocaine and street crime have become soul mates. People are under the influence of such drugs commitShow MoreRelatedOffenders From Drug Abuse And Crimes Essay2113 Words   |  9 Pagesdeter offenders from drug abu se and crimes in America. In the 1970’s and 1980’s there was a decline in rehabilitation programs, but later it gains its momentum by introducing more programs. The traditional courts offered alternative sentences for guilty pleas that are within the sentencing guidelines. Problems defendants had prior to committing criminal activities were never address while they were incarcerated. Therefore, in the United States of America, the first drug court was establishedRead MoreVictimless Crime1282 Words   |  6 PagesVictimless Crime Victimless crime is defined as an illegal act that is felt to have no direct or identifiable victim. Drug possession and usage is considered to be a type of victimless crime. Libertarianism says the government is set up to offer protection for each of us against the initiation of force by others. They say this gives us the â€Å"moral space† in which to live our own lives in our own chosen way-even if that means choosing to use drugs. A person under the influence of illegal drugs is knownRead MoreThe Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Crime Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Drugs and Alcohol abuse†, are phrases we hear commonly on the radio, television or in discussions of social problems. People believe it is the user’s personal choice however; it is not only a personal problem that dramatically affects individuals’ life but is a major social problem that affects society as whole. It has become one of the biggest problems in United States tod ay. Alcohol or Drug abuse nearly automatically is linked with criminal acts. The statistical association between alcoholRead MoreDrug Trafficking And Its Effects On The United States1339 Words   |  6 Pages In 2015, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that 19.9 million Americans use illegal drugs and more than half of The U.S. prison population is convicted of a drug related crime (Foundation for a Drug-Free World, 2015). The U.S. has the largest prison population in the world and drug related crimes continue to add to the prison population. Due to the high incarceration rate in the U.S., controversy over the effectiveness of our current drug legislation has emerged (Tyjen Tsai and PaolaRead MoreThe Crime Of A Victimless Crime908 Words   |  4 Pagesvictimless crime is a term used to refer to actions that have been made illegal but which do not directly violate or threaten the rights of any other individual. It often involves consensual acts or solitary acts in which no other person is involved. Such acts would not lead to any person calling for help from the police. Therefore, many people will argue that drug dealing,use, and abuse is a victimless crime, but they are wrong. We have to ask ourselves what makes a crime a crime? We know that crime isRead MoreRelationship Between Drug And Crime1050 Words   |  5 PagesIs There a Relationship between drug and crime? Is there a relationship between drug and crime? My topic is deliberately based on whether or not there is a relationship between drug crime. My reasoning and facts should persuade you to believe that crime drug are related. My essay will have quotes, facts, and reasoning, which will all revolve on my essential question. Drug related offenses and a drug-using lifestyle are major contributors to the U.S crime problem. Provisional data from 1991 showRead MorePrescription Drugs Are Not A Problem961 Words   |  4 Pagesyears there has been a growing concern for illegal drugs, alcohol, tobacco products, over-the-counter drugs, and prescription drugs. All of these legal and illegal drugs have caused issues throughout North Carolina as well as the country, but one of the growing concerns is prescription drug abuse. One of the counties in North Carolina that has been affected the most by this epidemic is Robeson County. According to National Institute on Drug Abuse, â€Å"prescription medications, such as those used to treatRead MoreDrugs and Crime1513 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs and Crime Drugs and crime are literally everywhere. Drug abuse and crime go hand-in-hand. Drugs cause crime. Legalizing drugs is not the answer. Punishments should fit the crime. Repeat offenders should have harsher punishments. The history of drugs shows increasing drug use, abuse, and crime rates that relate to drug use and abuse. The History of Drugs â€Å"Human beings have always had a desire to eat or drink substances that make them feel relaxed, stimulated, or euphoric.†Read More Drug Abuse in the United States Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Abuse in the United States of America In the United States of America, we, the people value several things, some of which are freedom, expanding and taking care of our families and our financial security. We, the people, take such things for granted. We also discourage some behavior, such as crime, laziness and use of illegal drugs. Drug abuse is one of the most discouraged behaviors in our country. Use of illegal drugs is harmful to the userand all those with whom the userRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On The United States1717 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrate the absurdity of the drug abuse problems in the United States, it should be brought to light that the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use Health estimated that â€Å"27 million people aged 12 or older have used an illicit drug in the past 30 days† (Hedden, Kennet, Lipari, Medley, Tice, 2015). As gun violence has become a popular topic in America over the past few years due to its’ related deaths, many Americans’ fail to realize that more people are dying from drug overdose than by weapon. In today’s

What Everybody Dislikes About A List of Social Issues in America and Why

What Everybody Dislikes About A List of Social Issues in America and Why Such conduct is growing increasingly common with the introduction of new technologies on the web. The issuers rely on viral advertising and marketing tactics and the promise of outsized returns to elevate huge amounts of money from a great number of small investors. As stated by the report, 56% of consumers feel that marketers spend an excessive amount of time seeking to push them to purchase and inadequate time thinking of methods to make consumers pay attention. There's no set of well-defined standards with respect to what ought to be disclosed and in what detail it has to be disclosed. A thorough exam with a review by a faculty panel. You might not be able to have into detail, understand, yet to provide the firm's fundamental position on any big situation doesn't' take lots of meetings. Please don't hesitate to reach out to any of our staff to become involved. One of the primary signals of autism is weak social communication abilities. From time to time, it takes the type of quiet respect, and a willingness to shrink. It's terribly important to get knowledge of or instinct about what they're thinking and the reason why they believe the way that they do. Speaking about your social anxiety to a close peer, or simply using communication to repair a nutritious relationship are methods by which you can relieve some stresses. Women and girls face unimaginable challenges in practically every area of the world. 50 million people residing in Latin America are deemed to be `indigenous'. Hardly any men have ever considered they may not be the main bread winner, and less that they may have to be the principal caregiver. Americans should take pride in the progress we've made and ought to demand our leaders keep up the fight. List of Social Issues in America Secrets That No One Else Knows About A doctor who recognizes the erroneous symptoms can't prescribe the appropriate medicine to treat the disease of a patient. If you've got this disorder, you will notice its symptoms affecting many regions of your life. Receiving an anxiety diagnosis from a clinician is the initial step in navigating a number of the first triggers of the disorder. Social stress is one mental illness that maynot be cured with something as simple as a substance. Just take a stand, is a loaded term, Lucido states, but nevertheless, it can be separated into three kinds. The maximum concentration was around the central portion of the state. Furthermore, cancer, one of the primary causes of death in the area, disproportionately impacts the poor, who have limited access to good doctors, lack the funds to cover treatments, and don't have the chance of taking time off to get over the illness. One contributing factor to the rise in suburban poverty is the shortage of quality affordable-housing options in urban locations. So new set of laws that are specifically proper for cryptocurrencies ought to be established. The world won't ever be the exact same. It acts as a model for the remaining portion of the world. Some of the first Chinese immigrants were wealthy small business people. First and foremost, we cannot neglect the infamous travel ban that currently bars nationals arriving from lots of Muslim-majority nations in addition to North Korea and Venezuela. Russia isn't alone here. The Shah's reign is occasionally broken into periods. Religious tolerance is particularly important here in america since we've got such a number of people and cultures from all around the world. How to Get Started with a List of Social Issues in America? Needless to say, not all on-line activity is guarded. As a consequence, low-income individuals in cities have a tendency to reside in neighborhoods in which public transportation is underinvested and unreliable. Further, across the nation, the amount of extremely low-income renters exceeds the range of affordable units out there. It's also starting to become old. The War Against a List of Social Issues in America Despite all of the debate, 1 principle that I feel that has survived the test of the time is putting the load of telling the entire truth on the seller. Such possibilities may have truth based on who we are speaking about here. There are a lot of strategies to approach the circumstance and start a conversation to alleviate that stress. Also talk about the polite approach to request things and why one way may be more powerful than another. This work is critical, and the following administration would be smart to continue it. When you take a look at the previous 40 years it gets quite obvious. Knowing what specific issues your child has is the initial step toward receiving the best possible assistance. Pay a visit to our community to discover other parents that are addressing the exact challenges you are.

Recruitment and selection planning at pepsico Essay Example For Students

Recruitment and selection planning at pepsico Essay PepsiCo industries, markets, and sells assorted types of bites, carbonated and non-carbonated drinks, and besides nutrients worldwide. The universe s trade name, Pepsi have changed the life criterions of the people lives. Even at school, college, university, place, or what of all time at field day, most of the people prefer to imbibe these drinks. Pepsi achieved its biggest gross revenues in soft drinks and basking its big net incomes in bite nutrients. Now-a-days PepsiCo is a strong positioned and popular trade name all over the universe. It covers the market through its systematic and proper direction. Involving with many societal working, it gain topographic point in consumer head. Through proper market coverage scheme it has speeded Its PepsiCo Americas Foods unit offers salty and sweet bites consisting Lay s murphy french friess, Doritos tortilla. The company operates through good experienced, loyal and hardworking employees transcending 700. The most of import and basic program is it to develop employees harmonizing to the alteration in engineering and computing machine oriented environment, and fulfilling their demands of employees. By upgrading the works construction and installing of the new engineering are other programs of PepsiCo. By making this company is be aftering to increase its gross revenues volume and development in its substructure in the coming old ages. The organisation focuses that they have the right and existent figure of people and sorts of people at the exactA topographic point so this undertaking is done by ongoing enlisting and choice procedures, public presentation rating methods, giving publicities to them and for most regular Training and development plans. The Pepsi bottling group hires about 9500 employees every twelvemonth for its operations and fabricating these, merchandising and distributed its drinks. The immense figure of these hires, near to 4000, is made to pitch up for what Pepsi bottling group refers to as the one 100 yearss of summer by far the busiest clip of the twelvemonth of the company ( Ed Rodriguez 2007 ) Outline1 Recruitment:2 Internal beginnings of enlisting:3 External beginnings of enlisting:4 Choice:5 Training and development planning:6 Employee motive and staff assessment:7 Employee s motive:8 Recognition:9 Incentives and wagess:10 Staff assessment:11 Management manner:12 Diagram: Different signifiers of direction manners13 Decision:14 Suggestions and recommendations: Recruitment: The organisation conducts its enlisting and choice planning by following two beginnings: Internal beginnings of enlisting. External beginnings of enlisting. Internal beginnings of enlisting: PepsiCo prefersA Job Posting A in which employees from organisation are preferred but in a instance the organisation feels that the employees are non every bit much competent plenty so they go for other external methods. So such proclamations are made through different bulletin boards, memos and other so these internal beginnings. Organizations that collect informations by beginnings of hire regularly find that employee referral plans produce a high volume of high-performing hires with more longer keeping rates, and in most, at comparatively low cost ( Dr. John Sullivan 2010 ) There should be proper planning by judging current human resource stands A ; bring forthing human resources stock list. Any referral plans should be bespoke to the concern that is Pepsi. It s best to originate any referral procedure if merely when the vacancy really arises. Furthermore pecuniary wagess should non be the primary driver for referrals. InA theA PepsiCoA generallyA theA positionsA willA occurA atA timeA ofA resignationA ofA the employee, retirement, expire of the employee, A transportation or publicity of the employee. New blessing place is the one-year operation program. Introducing new places into the organisation publicities and transportations is the Internal Job Posting used for merely the bing employee in the organisation and non for the new approvalA place. After measuring current capablenesss of future demands publicities and transportations should be developed to hold right individual for the right occupation A ; at right clip. Promotions and transportations must be after measuring future human resources demands by organisation s schemes A ; future plans. External beginnings of enlisting: PepsiCo normally used to advertisement by newspapers and its official web site for their enlisting intents. They give a opportunity to an unfastened invitation to everyone to use for station, so people who are interested articulation and if they are capable to that station they are hired. They have non preferred any specific universities or colleges to acquire the appliers for them, what affairs are the possible endowment and quality of the individual and his committedness to work. Last twelvemonth a strategy is started in which a squad of HR professionals visit different colleges and universities to enroll fresh and passionate campaigners. External beginnings are far outnumbering the internal methods. Particularly beginnings external to an organisation are professional and trade association, advertizements, and college/universities/institute arrangement services, walk INS and write INS, displaced individuals, acquisition and amalgamations. The most common and least expensive attack for campaigners is direct applications from external beginnings, in which appliers submit application letters or sketch. Direct application besides provides a pool of possible employees to run into future demands. Choice: First of allA initial showing of all applications and sketchs against the plan s demands make. After that Candidates screened are asked to finish the on-line personality questionnaire specifically designed in order to choose campaigners for the following phase. Candidates complete online trials and a comprehensive personality questionnaire. Candidates asked to finish a similar follow-up trial for them. The follow-up trial will be in short signifier and will be completed under the supervising of a PepsiCo HR Manager in order to verify public presentation between the two trial consequences. The concluding phase is engagement in an appraisal Centre for appraisal, comprising of a instance survey exercising, group treatment and a of import structured interview ( speed up your calling, 2011 ) After obtaining information through the preceding stairss, choice determination the most critical of all the stairss must be made. The other phases in the choice procedure have been used to contract the figure of campaigners. The concluding determination has to be made from the pool of persons who pass the trials, interviews and mention cheques. The positions of the line director will be by and large considered in the concluding choice because it is he who is responsible for the public presentation of the employee. The HR director plays a critical function in the concluding choice. Training and development planning: Pepsi believes in preparation and development and for that PepsiCo plans. Pepsi Conduct preparation for associates from the frontline to senior direction, to guarantee that associates has the accomplishments required to derive public presentation ends. Promote associates to take healthier lives by offering workplace health plans in globally. ( PepsiCo, 2009 ) . As PepsiCo continues its journey of sustainable growing, we continue to engage, retain and develop leading and a extremely skilled work force. After all, our associates are greatest strength. That s why we re committed to supplying squads with chances and experiences that strengthen their accomplishments and capablenesss ( PepsiCo, 2011 ) . What is art? Analysis EssayStaff assessment: Performance assessment is by and large accepted as really of import component of human resource direction, a means non merely of measuring public presentation but besides, ideally, of accomplishing public presentation betterment ( David N Ammons, 1986 ) In PepsiCo staff assessment system consists of following stairss that consists foremost of all made public presentation criterions aims and marks that must be meet after that that targets pass on to employees and agreed them. After that by periodic reappraisal that performances observed and measured and at the terminal provender back is delivered and appropriate actions are taken for the PepsiCo. Staff public presentation assessment is a really good technique to rate employees because Performance assessment rates the staff members in conformity to their public presentation. Performance appraisalA is a really good technique that considers the past public presentation of the employees and accents on the betterment of the future public presentation of the employees in order to increase productiveness. The public presentation assessment system should carry through following intents: Staff assessment squad must assist each employee in order to understand more and more about his function in organisation and go clear about his function and maps. Appraisal system should be instruments in assisting each employee to understand. Appraisal system should increase on traveling and two sided mutualness between each employee and his oversing officer. Management manner: Diagram: Different signifiers of direction manners In PepsiCo used democratic direction manner and give employees empowerment. Leader allows subordinates to take active function in determination devising and besides gives them a considerable grade of authorization in finishing everyday work activities. Uniting these classs with democratic ( subsidiaries are allowed to take part in determination devising ) and directing when subsidiaries are told precisely how to make their occupations ( Carter McNamara ) . It tends to be adopted by PepsiCo directors working in industries. Democratic directors are hence normally found in clusters within similar companies. Democratic direction is carry throughing employee audience and feedback. A democratic director will non win if major alterations were made without taking feedback. Democratic direction manners do non state that employees get whatever they want, but they focuses that directors know precisely what their employees demands before doing of import determinations about them ( Robert Tannen baum and Warren Schmidt ) In democratic direction manner in PepsiCo workers are ever encouraged to do their ain determinations at their ain will and believing positively because PepsiCo runs on doing determinations and besides employees. Authority is delegated to employees that are so much motivated for employees. Democratic manner is used because PepsiCo wants work oriented determinations from workers. Effective leading is a of import end for many concern associates. One challenge that most leaders face is an over-reliance on one or two nucleus leading techniques that emerge from their personality. However, it is more critical that leaders identify and larn how to broaden their leading manner portfolio so that they have the capacity to present added value and guarantee strategic success in any complex state of affairs ( Corinne Bendersky ) . Democratic manner is the direction manner that PepsiCo adopts. ThisA type of direction manner involves authorising to employees. In this managementA manner persons and squads are given duties and decisionsA to do, normally within a given model. If anything incorrect happensA so the persons and squads are so held responsible for theA determinations that are chosen. With this type of direction manner itA allows the director to experience comfy with other people in theA organisation doing some of the determinations. Democratic directors willA frequently want feed back from their employees on determinations being made.A Democratic leaders listen and act on the sentiments of the group. ThisA type of direction is good as it makes the employees happy andA productiveness is high. This is a really good method because employeesA ideas and suggestions are listened to by the concern. This makesA the employees seem as if they are respected and that their thoughtsA are valid ( the coca Cola company, 2011 ) . Following are the some suggestions because its disadvantages are the clip it takes to do a determination. Furthermore, mistakes can happen if staff is non every bit competent as they need to be or may be non every bit much competent as the direction believes that they should be. Management will be able to pull off employees fruitfully and increase non merely turn over but besides staff moral moreover every bit good as lessening staff turnover and must supply to employees. So some suggestions are: There should be positive work environment without struggles. Employees must be free to take practical enterprises. Employees must be able to do originative thought. Management should avoid employee s turnovers. As democratic manner is utile in a instance when originative thought employees arepresent so direction should concentrate on preparation and calling growing of employees in order to make disciplinary determinations and actions. Mistakes can be made of employees are non good trained so there should be proper preparation channel and concentrate on employees disciplinary determination devising. Decision: HR planning is to find what HRM demands that are be for bing A ; approaching supplies A ; demands of workers. In human resource planning organisation ensures that they have the right figure and sorts of people at the exact topographic point ; so this undertaking is held by ongoing enlisting and choice, public presentation assessment, employees Promotions, ongoing Training and development plans. PepsiCo isA a name of trade name and criterion and good quality product.A PepsiCoA is concentrating more and more on its planning schemes to do its repute better in the universe surroundings community. Management of theA PepsiCoA does non compromise on quality of its merchandises and the values. Making that the company is traveling higher by speed uping its maps in a good manner. Suggestions and recommendations: Human resource planning is of import issues so attention must be taken particularly in referral instance because referral system merely is taken when existent demand occur in instance of vacancy. After accessing the current capablenesss make publicity and new hiring so that there be right individual on the right occupation. Promotions occur if there is future demand of it. As we know that direct application is a really just regulation so it should be encouraged in order to do just determinations. HR director should be responsible because choice of campaigners depends of him so preparation should be provided to him. In HR be aftering developing demands should be analyzed so that developing provided to employees. The function of Instructor is really of import so evaluate internal and external teacher public presentation and the efficiency of preparation plans so that provide recommendations for betterment.

Skin Art A History of Tattoos Essay Example

Skin Art: A History of Tattoos Paper Tattoos are a permanent mark or design made on the skin by a process of ingraining and pricking an indelible pigment into the punctures or by raising scars. This body art comes in many shapes, sizes, colors, designs, and styles. Whether flaunted or hidden, sought as art or bought out of a whim, the tattoo has left its mark on generation after generation (Krakow). The purpose of tattooing varies from culture to culture, person to person, and its place on the time line. The essay will examine the following eras: BC and tribal, 20th century, and modern. It is noted that tattooing (a Tahitian word meaning â€Å"to mark something†) has existed since 12,000 years BC. As noted in â€Å"A Brief History of Tattoos,† women in Borneo tattooed their symbols on their forearm indicating their particular skill. If a woman wore a symbol indicating she was a skilled weaver, her status as prime marriageable material was increased. In tribes, tattoos around the wrist and fingers were believed to ward away illness and bad spirits. In recorded history, the earliest tattoos can be found in Egypt during the time of the erection of the great pyramids. As the Egyptians expanded their empire, the art of tattooing spread along with it. The civilizations of Crete, Greece, Persia, and Arabia Fetzer 2 picked up and expanded the art form (â€Å"A Brief History of Tattoos). The Greeks used tattooing for communication among spies by identifying them and showing their rank. Romans marked criminals and slaves, a practice still carried on today. Around 2000 BC tattooing spread to China. Historic Asian culture believed that the wearer of an image calls the spirit of that image. For example, the ferocity of a tiger would belong to the tattooed person. We will write a custom essay sample on Skin Art: A History of Tattoos specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Skin Art: A History of Tattoos specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Skin Art: A History of Tattoos specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Ainu are noted for introducing tattoos to Japan where it developed into a religious and ceremonial rite. Dayak warriors who had taken a head had tattoos on their hands (â€Å"A Brief History of Tattoos†). The tattoos garnered respect and solidified the owner’s status for life. Polynesians developed tattoos to mark tribal communities, families, and rank. They brought their art to New Zealand and developed a facial style of tattooing called Moko which is still being used today (â€Å"A Brief History of Tattoos†). There is evidence that the Mayan, Incas, and Aztecs used tattooing in rituals as well as the isolated tribes of Alaska. In the West, early Danes, Norse, and Saxons tattooed family crests (a tradition still practiced today). In 787 AD, Pope Hadrian banned tattooing, yet it still thrived in Britain until the Norman Invasion of 1066 when the Normans disdained tattooing. As a result tattooing disappeared from Western culture from the 12th to the 16th centuries. While tattooing diminished in the West, it thrived in Japan. Originally, it was used as a means of identifying criminals. First offenses were marked with a line across the forehead, a second crime was marked by adding an arch, and a third offense was marked by another line. Together these marks formed the Japanese character for dog. Anthropologists argue that this was the original three strikes you’re out law. In time, Fetzer 3 the Japanese escalated the tattoo to an aesthetic art form. The â€Å"body suit† originated around 1700 as a social reaction against strict laws concerning conspicuous consumption. Only royalty were allowed to wear ornate attire. As a result of this, the middle class adorned themselves with elaborate full body tattoos. A fully tattooed person wearing nothing more than a loin cloth was considered â€Å"well dressed. In 1691, William Dampher re-introduced tattooing to the West when he brought to London a heavily tattooed Polynesian known as the Painted Prince. He was put on a money-making exhibition and became the rage of London. It had been 600 years since tattoos had been seen in Europe. Soon, the upper-class were getting small tattoos in discreet places. For a short time, tattooing became a sensational fad. In alm ost every early culture, tattooing symbolized status. In the BC and tribal eras of history, tattoos played an important role in ritual and tradition. Just like the times, tattooing in the 20 th century took an enormous turn. Evolutionary scientist, Charles Darwin, wrote many papers, one which included an analysis of tattoos. For tattooing to be mentioned in such distinguished company made many people re-look at the art, finding that they were standing at the dawn of a new era in indelible history. Initially, the tattoo craze began to diminish. What kept tattooing from becoming more widespread was its slow and painstaking procedure. Each puncture of the flesh was done by the hand the ink was applied. Paul Sace arguably states that the most significant factor to the re-emergence of the ancient art of tattooing would have to be the electric tattoo machine. In 1891, Samuel OReilly patented the first electric tattooing machine which was based on Edisons electric pen that punctured paper with a Fetzer 4 needle point. The basic design with moving coils, a tube and a needle bar, are the components of todays tattoo gun. The electric tattoo gun allowed anyone to obtain a reasonably priced and readily available tattoo. As the average person could easily get a tattoo, the upper classes turned away from it. By the turn of the century, tattooing had lost a great deal of credibility. Tattoo artists worked in the sleazier sections of the city. Heavily tattooed people traveled with circuses and were labeled as â€Å"freaks. † The societal view of tattoos was so poor for most of the century that tattooing went underground. There were no schools to study the craft, there were no magazines, and there were no associations or advertising. In order to find out where to go and who to see for quality tattoos, one had to be familiar with the scuttlebutt. The birthplace of the American style tattoo was Chatham Square in New York City, a seaport and entertainment center attracting working-class people with money. While tattooing was declining elsewhere in the country, here it flourished. Husbands tattooed their significant others with examples of their best work. They played the role of walking advertisements. At this time, cosmetic tattooing became popular (i. e. blush for cheeks, colored lips, and eyeliner). With World War I, the flash art images changed to those of bravery and wartime icons. In the 1920s, with Prohibition and then the Depression, Chatham Square lost its appeal. The center for tattoo art moved to Coney Island. Tattooing experienced a revival during the Roaring 20s and the Suffragist movement; it became en vogue among the upper classes to have a tattoo. Not all women enjoyed such freedom, and society did not necessarily endorse this trend. For example, Fetzer 5 in the late 1920s, the conviction of a rapist was overturned because a small butterfly tattoo was found on the victim (Hawkes, Senn, Thorn). Both the judge and jury agreed that the tattoo had sexual implications and as a result, it was held that the woman was in part responsible for misleading the man who raped her. Across the country, tattooists opened shops in areas that would support them, namely cities with military bases close by, particularly naval bases. In the 2 nd World War era, tattoos were known as travel markers, almost like the stamps one sees in a passport booklet. â€Å"A Brief History of Tattoos† notes that after World War II, tattoos became further denigrated by their associations with Marlon Brando-type bikers and Juvenile delinquents. Tattooing had little respect in American culture because those who were tattooed were seen as social outcasts and troublemakers. Tattooing was sent reeling on its heels when in 1961 there was an outbreak of hepatitis. Though most tattoo shops had sterilization machines, few used them. Newspapers reported stories of blood poisoning, hepatitis, and other diseases. The general population held tattoo parlors in disrepute. A health code violation went into effect and the tattoo shops at Times Square and Coney Island were shut down making it incredibly difficult to get a tattoo in New York. It was illegal and tattoos had a terrible reputation. Because of fear and the negative social view associated with them, few people wanted a tattoo. In the late 1960s, the attitude towards tattooing changed. During the Sexual Revolution, tattooing enjoyed a resurrection among radical women who were rethinking their gender role (including rock stars such as Janis Joplin) as noted by Hawkes, Senn, Thorn. Amy Krakow states that thanks to Lyle Tuttle, the tattoo Fetzer 6 became an amiable art form among the 1970s counterculture. Tattoos see-sawed in their acceptance in the 20 th century but nevertheless were popular icons. Today, tattooing is making a zealous comeback. It is more popular and accepted than it has ever been. Current tattoo artist, Tomas Garcia, says that â€Å"all classes of people are coming in to get tattoos, from Senators to new mothers to doctors to grandparents to kids who just turned 18. † This rise in popularity has placed tattooists in the category of fine artist garnering a respect not seen for over 100 years. Current artists combine the tradition of tattooing with their personal style creating unique and phenomenal body art. Through the lens of figurational sociology, today tattooing is interpreted as a pro-social and affectively regulated act of communication, rather than a pathological instance of self-injury (Atkinson). The 21 st century is experiencing what some call a second Tattoo Renaissance. † As part of this revolution in the popular cultural significance of tattooed flesh, tattooing is escalating to unprecedented levels of popularity among a vast array of social groups. Once a long-standing symbol of the underclass, this body project is now a floating signifier of a full panorama of social statuses, roles, and identities. More so than in any previous era, Michael Atkinson notes that tattoos are pregnant with cultural significance. Women especially have played an enormous role in the culture of tattoos. It can be argued that women today become tattooed for two reasons: the refusal to obey appearance norms and for the gender nonconformity that it displays. Throughout history tattoos have signified membership in a clan or secret society. Even today groups like the Hells Angels tattoo their particular group symbol. Contemporary music scenes exemplify the tattoo phenomenon. â€Å"Straight-edge† youth use their bodies as a canvas for their Fetzer 7 moralistic beliefs. According to Demello, the tattoos reflect the power of their symbolic associations as they preach against premarital sex, drugs, smoking, and alcohol. Tattoos have blossomed into a form of self expression and individuality. Tattoos have appeared throughout history as a ritual art, pagan decoration, art to mark a rite of passage, art to inform, forbidden art, blue-collar art, popular art, and erotic art (Krakow 2). Two reactions seem to be possible in persons who see a tattoo on someone. One is complete fascination, a feeling that here is the ultimate stud, the great macho, the sexual satyr, the Marlboro man, the far-traveling sailor, the incomparable sadistic master, the criminal just released from prison. The other is a complete revulsion: the tattoo represents the epitome of sleaze, of low-class background, of cheap vulgarity and bad taste, everything that intelligence and sophistication have conditioned society to despise (Steward 10). From body painting to scarification, piercing to the less permanent wearing of jewelry, hair styles to make-up, to the emergence of cosmetic surgery, people have always striven to change their appearance. For millions of people throughout time, tattooing has been one of the most popular forms of permanent body art. Tattooing as an art form has over the years been claimed by many countries, tribes, and ethnic groups. In many cases it is the same scenario of what came first the chicken or the egg. It will probably never be known exactly who were the first people to mark their skins, but what is definite is that tattooing has tattooed itself in history as a significant identifier. ?

75 Vocabulary Words for Talking About Sports in Italian

75 Vocabulary Words for Talking About Sports in Italian When you think about sports in Italy, the first one that comes to mind is probably the infamous calcio, or soccer. And if you have spent any length of time obsessing about Italian culture or in Ital (or both)  team names like Juventus and Gli Azzurri will come to mind. But beyond calcio, there are many popular sports played in Italy, and if you want to be able to talk about the sports that you practice (or practiced in those golden years of yours), here are 75 phrases to throw around in your Italian conversations. 75 Vocabulary Words for Talking About Sports in Italian L’atletica - Athletics Athletics is a more generic field that covers things like: La corsa - RunningLa corsa campestre - Cross-countryIl footing - JoggingLa marcia - Foot raceIl salto in alto - High jumpIl salto in lungo - Long jump Faccio corso campestre. - I run cross-country. Facco la marcia perchà © à ¨ meno dannoso per il corpo rispetto alla corsa. - I do foot races because it’s less harmful for the body compared to running. Il baseball - Baseball While baseball isn’t hugely popular in Italy, it is presentwith roots dating back to World War IIand there are leagues and a championship called Lo Scudetto. Here are five vocabulary words you might find interesting: Il fuoricampo - HomerunIl guanto - MittIl lanciatore - PitcherLa mazza - BatLa prima/seconda/terza base - First/second/third base L’hai visto!? Ho battuto un fuoricampo! - Did you see it? I hit a homerun! Quando avevo 9 anni, facevo il lanciatore. - When I was 9 years old, I was the pitcher. For more vocabulary words and phrases related to baseball, check out this article. Il ciclismo  - Cycling The Giro d’Italia (also simply called Il Giro) happens every summer and is ranked as one of the top three cycling events in Europe. Here are five vocabulary words you might find interesting: La bicicletta (la bici) - Bicycle (bike)Il ciclismo su pista - Track cyclingIl ciclismo su strada - Road cyclingIl mountain biking - Mountain bikingLa sella - Bike seatLa borraccia - Water bottle Voglio iniziare a fare ciclismo, ma non riesco a trovare la bici giusta! - I want to start cycling, but I can’t find the right bike! Preferisci le mountain bike, le BMX, oppure il ciclismo su strada? - Do you prefer mountain biking, BMX, or road cycling? Il calcio - Soccer Even if you’re not a big sports fan, attending a calcio game in Italy is a cultural must, so when you do that, here are a handful of words that may be useful to you. I calciatori - Soccer playersI tifosi - FansLa partita - MatchIl portiere - GoalieL’arbitro - refereeLa curva - Part of the stadium where the ultra (hooligans) fans prefer to buy ticketsSegnare un gol - To score a goal Il calcio à ¨ lo sport piu praticato e pià ¹ seguito in tutta Italia. - Calcio is the most practiced and followed sport in all of Italy. Il numero di calciatori variano di squadra in squadra, ma sicuramente sono pià ¹ di undici. - The number of players vary from team to team, but there are definitely more than eleven.   You may also hear about a game called calcio storico, or historical football, that dates back to the 16th century. For more information related to il calcio, check out this article. La ginnastica - Gymnastics While the term â€Å"la ginnastica† can be translated to the English understanding of â€Å"gymnastics†, in Italian, it can also be thought of basic exercise and can often be substituted with â€Å"fare sport - to do a sport† or â€Å"andare in palestra - going to the gym.† Here are five vocabulary words you might find interesting: La ginnastica aerobica - Aerobic gymnasticsL’elasticit - FlexibilityLa ginnastica ritmica - Rhythmic gymnasticsLa ginnastica artistica - Artistic gymnasticsLa ginnastica acrobatica - Acrobatic gymnastics Faccio ginnastica, ma non dimagrisco! - I’m exercising, but I’m not losing weight! Hai visto la ginnastica delle Olimpiadi ieri? Gabby Douglas era fantastica!  - Did you see the gymnastics section of the Olympics yesterday? Gabby Douglas was amazing! Il nuoto  - Swimming Here are 5 key vocabulary words: Il costume da bagno - Swimming suitGli occhialini - Swim GogglesLa piscina - PoolNuotare a farfalla - Butterfly stroke swimNuotare a stile libero - Freestyle swim Lo sci - Skiing There are beautiful areas in Italy from the Italian Dolomites in the north to Mount Etna in the south. Here are 5 key vocabulary words: Le bacchette - RodsLa discesa - DescentLa neve - SnowLa pista - TrackGli sci - Skis Vai sulle Dolomiti quest’anno? Io, sà ¬, infatti ho comprato un nuovo paio di sci. - Are you go to the Dolomites this year? I’m going, in fact, I bought a new pair of skis. Mi piace sciare, ma a dire il vero, preferisco fare snowboarding. - I like to ski, but to tell the truth, I prefer to snowboard. Other Sports La danza - DanceIl motociclismo - MotorcyclingLa pallacanestro - BasketballLa pallavolo - VolleyballLa pesca sportiva - Recreational fishingIl tennis - TennisL’equitazione - Horse riding

Multiplication Rule for Independent Events

Multiplication Rule for Independent Events It is important to know how to calculate the probability of an event.  Certain types of events in probability are called independent.  When we have a pair of independent events, sometimes we may ask, What is the probability that both of these events occur?  In this situation, we can simply multiply our two  probabilities together. We will see how to utilize the multiplication rule for independent events.  After we have gone over the basics, we will see the details of a couple of calculations. Definition of Independent Events We begin with a definition of independent events.  In probability, two events are independent if the outcome of one event does not influence the outcome of the second event. A good example of a pair of independent events is when we roll a die and then flip a coin.  The number showing on the die has no effect on the coin that was tossed.  Therefore these two events are independent. An example of a pair of events that are not independent would be the gender of each baby in a set of twins.  If the twins are identical, then both of them will be male, or both of them would be female. Statement of the Multiplication Rule The multiplication rule for independent events relates the probabilities of two events to the probability that they both occur.  In order to use the rule, we need to have the probabilities of each of the independent events.  Given these events, the multiplication rule states the probability that both events occur is found by multiplying the probabilities of each event. Formula for the Multiplication Rule The multiplication rule is much easier to state and to work with when we use mathematical notation. Denote events A and B and the probabilities of each by P(A) and P(B). If A and B  are independent events, then: P(A and B) P(A) x P(B) Some versions of this formula use even more symbols.  Instead of the word and we can instead use the intersection symbol:  Ã¢Ë† ©. Sometimes this formula is used as the definition of independent events.  Events are independent if and only if P(A and B) P(A) x P(B). Example #1 of the Use of the Multiplication Rule We will see how to use the multiplication rule by looking at a few examples.  First suppose that we roll a six sided die and then flip a coin.  These two events are independent. The probability of rolling a 1 is 1/6. The probability of a head is 1/2. The probability of rolling a 1 and getting a head is 1/6 x 1/2 1/12. If we were inclined to be skeptical about this result, this example is small enough that all of the outcomes could be listed: {(1, H), (2, H), (3, H), (4, H), (5, H), (6, H), (1, T), (2, T), (3, T), (4, T), (5, T), (6, T)}.  We see that there are twelve outcomes, all of which are equally likely to occur.  Therefore the probability of 1 and a head is 1/12.  The multiplication rule was much more efficient because it did not require us to list our the entire sample space. Example #2 of the Use of the Multiplication Rule For the second example, suppose that we draw a card from a standard deck, replace this card, shuffle the deck and then draw again.  We then ask what is the probability that both cards are kings. Since we have drawn with replacement, these events are independent and the multiplication rule applies.   The probability of drawing a king for the first card is 1/13.  The probability for drawing a king on the second draw is 1/13.  The reason for this is that we are replacing the king that we drew from the first time.  Since these events are independent, we use the multiplication rule to see that the probability of drawing two kings is given by the following product 1/13 x 1/13 1/169. If we did not replace the king, then we would have a different situation in which the events would not be independent.  The probability of drawing a king on the second card would be influenced by the result of the first card.

Different perspectives of the American Political System Essay

Different perspectives of the American Political System - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to critically assess the viewpoints regarding the political system of America. In order to assess the perspectives, two films have been selected namely â€Å"Wag the Dog† (1997) and â€Å"Mr. Smith goes to Washington† (1939). The 1997, Black comedy film by Barry Levinson rotates around the story of American politics and the sex scandals of the U.S. President. The President had luring relationships with a ‘firefly’ girl just before the Presidential re-election campaign. The film has reflected the idea that how the American Presidents, in order to hide their scandalous affairs, hire spin-doctors. The purpose of the spin-doctor was to ensure that he might divert the attention of the public, using media propaganda. He easily convinced the audience that America is at war with Albania. In short, it has been showed in the film that how media and other trusted agencies / institutions are in the hand of those, who control it as per their will (Levinson, 1997). Mr. Smith Goes to Washington is the story of good vs. evil in the American political system of the early 90’s. The story revolves around the United States Senate and how corruption leads its way in the American politics. Jimmy Stewart, who in the film is offered with a Senate vacancy, plays the character of Mr. Jefferson Smith. Since, Mr. Smith is an ideal, honest, innocent leader therefore he is easily personified by other evil senators and members of the American political system. The director of the film, Frank Capra, has shown Smith as an underdog who has to face severe challenges in order to survive in the intense competitive and corrupt American political system in order to attain some good (Capra, 1939). The message communicated to the audience through the film ‘Wag the Dog’ is that, that how easy it is to wipe out evidences or fact or to divert the attention of the

Cultural Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultural Anthropology - Essay Example His definition offers a complete overview of the subject matter of anthropology and is widely quoted by many. This essay now defines culture and its characteristics. People in cultures mostly have the same human cultural traits (O'Neil, p. 5). However, many human beings have different ways of expressing these traits that result from varying cultures and traditions. This essay used to compare the classification of two lifestyle patterns in North American Indian regions': the culture of foragers and the culture of horticulturalists to discuss and analyze the similarities and differences of both cultures in relation to their way of food production, way of living and the like. In his book Primitive Culture, Edward Tylor defined culture as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society" (Kottak 62; Scupin 43). He emphasized on the last phrase "acquired by man as a member of society" for he believed that culture is not only acquired through biological inheritance but living and being part of a society as well for they are more exposed to cultural tradition. His definition also suggests that culture includes all aspects of human activity-tools, weapons, fire, agriculture, animal domestication, metallurgy, writing, airplanes, computers, penicillin, nuclear power, rock-and-roll, video games, designer jeans, religion, political systems, science, sports, and social organizations. It involves every activity from the fine arts, popular entertainment, development of new technology and even everyday behaviour. The process by which a person learns his or her culture is called enculturation (Kottak 62). An individual acquires any cultural tradition because of the capacity of a human being to learn. Though animals learn from experience or from other members of their group, the cultural learning only develops within the human capacity to create symbols or signs. Cultural learning signifies that people have the ability to create, remember, and deal with ideas. According to Kottak, culture is learned ("Cultural Anthropology" 63). People begin to internalize an established group of meanings and symbols that people use to define their world, express their emotions, and create their judgments. This can be done through a process of conscious and unconscious learning and interaction with others. People transmit culture through observation where most children modify their own behaviour in accordance to what their culture entails as right or wrong or bad or good. Culture is proven to be acquired unconsciously because of the cultural tradition that they do automatically without a direct instruction to maintain them. Anthropologists stated that cultural learning is intricate among humans and though humans differ in their emotional and mental abilities, people can still learn their cultural tradition. Culture is also shared for it is a quality not only of individuals but of individuals as members of groups as well (Kottak 63). People who grow up in the same culture have shared their beliefs, values, memories, and

Three Key Techniques for Better Listening Essay Example for Free

Three Key Techniques for Better Listening Essay In this McKinsey article, Bernard T. Ferrari explores three key techniques for better listening and its importance. By showing respect, keeping quiet and challenging assumptions, Mr. Ferrari argues that will create a â€Å"base of knowledge that generates fresh insights and ideas. First, show respect. Respect breeds confidence and trust. If you’re a manager, you probably have a complex set of responsibilities. You can’t know everything about every facet of your domain. By respecting your teammates, you will naturally draw them into the conversation and learn from them. If you simply jump to a solution, you short circuit the entire process. Not only do you miss out on any advice about the current situation, you also teach your colleagues not to offer advice in the future. Second, keep quiet. Ferrari suggest a variation of the 80/20 rule — let the other person speak about 80% of the time while you speak only 20% of the time. Many executives struggle as listeners because they never think to relax their assumptions and open themselves to the possibilities that can be drawn from conversations with others. But many executives will have to undergo a deeper mind-set shift—toward an embrace of ambiguity and a quest to uncover â€Å"what we both need to get from this interaction so that we can come out smarter.† Too many good executives, even exceptional ones who are highly respectful of their colleagues, inadvertently act as if they know it all, or at least what’s most important, and subsequently remain closed to anything that undermines their beliefs. Third, challenge assumptions. This doesn’t just mean that you challenge other people’s assumptions. It also means that you encourage your colleagues to challenge your assumptions. So it takes real effort for executives to become better listeners by forcing themselves to lay bare their assumptions for scrutiny and to shake up their thinking with an eye to reevaluating what they know, don’t know, and—an important point—can’t know. One of the interesting twists in Ferrari’ s framework for effective listening is his â€Å"field guide to identifying bad listeners†. He identifies six â€Å"types† of bad listeners: The Opinionator listens to others primarily to determine whether or not their ideas conform to what he or she already believes to be true. Grouches are poor listeners who are blocked by a feeling of certainty that your idea is wrong. The Preambler’s windy lead-ins and questions are really stealth speeches, often intended to box conversation partners into a corner. Preamblers use questioning to steer the  discussion, send warnings, or generate a desired answer. Perseverators talk a lot without saying anything. If you pay close attention to one of these poor listeners, you’ll find that their comments and questions don’t advance the conversation. Everyone wants to solve problems, but Answer Man spouts solutions before there is even a consensus about the challenge—a clear signal that input from conversation partners isn’t needed. Pretenders feign engagement and even agreement but either aren†™t interested in what you’re saying or have already made up their minds. This article is particularly aimed at executives. However, it is useful for every person who wants to learn how to communicate better. Ferrari uses very interesting and humorous examples, so it’s easy and interesting to read. I find this article very helpful because I struggle to be a good listener. When I’m engaged in an intense conversation, I’m often framing my response or am thinking about a solution to the problem at hand. Of course, when I’m thinking about something else, I’m not really listening. More importantly, if the other side thinks I’m not listening, they’re less likely to be persuaded to my point of view. Also, I had always thought of questions as being solely an expression of interest and generosity. Now, I am beginning to better understand that questions. Even seemingly friendly inquiries can be a subtle source of control. We simply can’t listen if we’re talking, even if we are talking by questioning.

Private Schools vs. Public Schools Essay -- School Reform, Education Re

Would you change your school? Would you go to a private school instead of a public school? Or to a public school instead of a private school? Private and public education is different in many ways such as their performance, enrollment, and the overall education taught but yet they have somewhat similar teachers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Students’ performance in public and private schools differ a lot. Private schools often have better grades and test scores. It is proven that kids who go to a public school and attend a private school perform better (Williams 17). Student performance varies but the advantage would probably have to go to the private schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teachers in private and public schools are similar yet have some differences. There are about 2.7 million teachers and other faculty members in public schools (Klieg 22). There are about 400,000 teachers and other faculty members in private schools (Klieg 22). Of all these teachers only about 71% of private school teachers are licensed where 97.4% of public teachers are licensed (Williams 61). That makes the public teachers sound good, but there is also this little fact that they’re leaving out. Public school teachers aren’t even qualified to be teaching the subjects that they teach a lot of the time (Williams 46). Perhaps this is why the private school students are doing better than the public school students are. Or maybe it is because the average student to teacher ratio is better than public schools. This ratio is 17 students to 1 teacher in public schools where it is 14.9 students to 1 teacher in private schools (Williams 46). A good reason why private education is made out to be so much better than public schools is not necessarily because of the teachers, but the way private schools are able to hand pick each one of their students (Phillips Internet). Most likely they are going to pick the richest and smartest students they can. Why the richest and the smartest? Well if they pick the richest students it’s going to help the school financially. While the smarter students make the school and their teachers look good. So all in all teachers are all pretty equal besides maybe a few differences. How about teachers and their salaries? Teachers who are getting paid less are probably going to do a worse job right? WRONG! Private school teachers are usually paid about 12,000 dollars less than public school teachers ... ...ver child they want into their school. Who know, but it seems that public education can and needs to be improved maybe slightly more than private education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is money really the answer to everything? Some may think that their school does not have enough money and that’s why their students are doing so poorly. But more than likely money doesn’t play such a big part in the academic achievement of the students in school. For example: New Jersey is rated number 1 in terms of money per a student but yet they’re rated 29th in the basic student achievement (Williams 192). So before you blame your poor education on insufficient funds next time stop and think of these little facts. So what’s this saying? Maybe money is not the answer to everything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So therefore private and public education is similar to an extent. However they do show many differences also. As shown they were different in their performance, enrollment, and the overall education taught. Private and public schools don’t have that much in common, but are their things that they do have in common but just didn’t get mentioned? Yes there are many more topics that are similar and different that we didn’t get into.

How important is the role of complementary therapies and medicines within a modern health service?

Illustrate your answer with examples and, where possible, consider the impact that the growth of such remedies has had on attitudes within both the general public and the medical profession. Over the last decade peoples opinions towards medicine have changed, this has made a lot of people consider alternative treatment for illnesses, which before hand they would have been seen as witch craft. Nowadays it is more socially acceptable and is used more widely to treat illnesses or used just as a relaxation method. When investigating any form of medical treatment, whether that be CAM or scientific medicine we need to be asking questions; Is it effective? Is it safe? How is it regulated? People still make assumptions about complementary therapies, that it is outside the NHS so there is no regulating body to protect the clients or the practitioners, this is true for many areas but with continuing research and the need for more funding I believe that it will gain the recognition that it deserves, and this will open the door for more regulatory bodies to become mandatory. When people say that it is outside â€Å"conventional† medical training, this can be true but many practitioners of complementary therapy train for many years degree level, and there are 20 universities which offer degrees in Complementary Medicine, however there are some people who just decide to practice without any form of training and I believe that these are the people who misuse and harm the ideology of complementary therapies. Is it safe? I believe it is safe as long as you go to a reputable practitioner, who would normally have been trained to degree level and has taken out insurance for their clinic. One good point to argue is that it is natural, and with GP's not wanting to continually prescribe for example antibiotics this is a natural way to treat illnesses without chemical use of tablets. Is it effective?, this has got to be the most crucial question that needs to be answered, practitioners of Complementary Medicine believe that when using therapeutic intervention is effective if it influences the course of a disease in a patient in a beneficial way. When assessing if it effective in treating disease then you would need to compare without any other treatment, as this is very rarely possible then it is hard to gain evidence to support this question fully. Within are lessons we conducted a survey which asked people if they had used Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), we also asked them whether they considered it to work and if they was referred by their GP or went privately and had to pay themselves. Every person took 10 copies to be filled in by their families and friends then all the data totalling 114 people was collated together, the results indicated that very few people were referred by their GP, but many people said that it worked successfully. The results of this survey are attached to this essay. The most commonly used CAM therapies are: * Acupuncture * Chiropractic * Osteopathy * Homeopathy * Herbal medicine * Massage Therapy There are also many other CAM therapies available, examples of these are, Reflexology, Hypnotherapy, Aromatherapy, Reiki, and Faith or spiritual healing. All of these methods people can find easy access to, if however, they are willing to pay, due to the lack of GP's who have the funding or believe that it will work, I will talk about this more later. Acupuncture originates from the Far Eastern countries and has been practised there for thousands of years, although many practitioners provide a Western form of medical Acupuncture, which is based on modern understanding involving the body's nervous system. Osteopathy and Chiropractic are both highly recommended therapies and seem to be the only two who have their own regulatory councils and gives the name ‘primary care practitioners' to those who carry out the service. Osteopathy is used to treat any age group and it uses soft tissue massage, stretching and manipulation separation techniques, which helps to treat spinal pain, mus cle or joint pain or sports related injuries. Chiropractors treat the nervous system and improving skeletal movement, they also use spinal manipulation to help sufferers of migraines, repetitive strain and sciatica. The Royal Family and 1 in 5 of the population, regularly use homeopathy, it treats people by using the method that whatever can make ill you can also make you well, it is more commonly used to treat eczema, arthritis, asthma and PMS. Herbal Medicine is the oldest method of medicine and is used all over the world with sales topping à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½126 million every year from over the counter therapies. The most common illnesses which it treats are migraines, arthritis, depression, insomnia and lung, stomach, blood and skin disorders. Massage Therapy, is the manipulation of soft tissue for therapeutic purposes, and is commonly used along side cancer therapy and is also popular amongst athletes. In 1995, Kate J Thomas, J P Nicholl and Margaret Fall, conducted a survey of how many GP's were referring their patients to CAM. They sent out their questionnaires via the post to 1226 individual GP's in a random cluster sample or GP partnerships in England, this was 1 in 8 GP partnerships in England in 1995. The method set by them was to assess estimates of the number of practices offering ‘in-house' access to any form of complementary therapies or if this was not available were they making referrals outside the practice, and if there was any funding available for CAM. The total number of returned questionnaires was 964 (78.6%). Out of those, 760 also gave detailed information. The results showed that an estimated 39.5% of GP partnerships offered some form of access to CAM for their NHS patients. An estimated 21.4% offered it via a member of the primary health care team, 6.1% had employed andindependent' CAM therapist, and an estimated 24.6% made referrals for CAM. The volume of CAM available within any individual service seemed to be low; acupuncture and homoeopathy are the most commonly available therapies. The number of patients who had to pay for the services of CAM, which were recommended by their GP's, was 25%. The survey found that fund holding practices were more likely to offer CAM compared to non-fund holding practices, these figures are 45% versus 36%. This proved that fund holding practices had more scope to offer CAM at the primary care level, evidence was also available to show that unless the primary care groups and primary care trusts help to support the provision of CAM to all practices then the level of which it is available will decline w ithin time. There is always going to be doctors who are opposed to CAM, it was easy to find evidence of this, on the BBC website I found two articles straight away, the first headlined as, ‘Doctors attack bogus therapies'. The article goes on to describe how some of Britain's leading doctors are urging the NHS to stop using CAM and to only pay for medicine which has been proven with solid evidence that it is successful, there are concerned about the amount of money that the NHS is spending on â€Å"unproven or disapproved treatments†, like those used by practitioners of CAM. They talk about Herceptin being of high cost so the NHS don't regularly fund it, but these ‘bogus' therapies are being funded. Prince Charles advocates CAM and wants the funding to continue, he also wants it to be integrated with conventional medicine, he told the World Health Assembly in Geneva: â€Å"The proper mix of proven complementary, traditional and modern remedies, which emphasises the active participation of the patient, can Help to create a powerful healing force in the world.† (Prince Charles, BBC News, 2006) This statement is criticised by doctors as ‘Implausible treatment', meaning that more than 12 reviews done off CAM have failed to produce any evidence of the effectiveness of CAM. Dr Peter Fisher, of the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital, says that these doctors opposing CAM seem to be causing a â€Å"Medical apartheid† within the NHS. Evidence in this article says that about half of GPs are thought to refer patients to CAM. My conclusion is that all the evidence points to the fact that general practitioners are just not ready for the change, they have trained at medical school for 5 years learning to use chemical drugs, and have been taught to trust them, which is good, but I feel that they need to be more open to the fact that the methods that CAM offer is beneficial to complement chemical drugs, and sometimes can eliminate the use of chemical drugs where relaxation is more beneficial. Take for example someone with stress, which can lead to depression, in this case anti depressants would be the most common form of chemical drugs, but say however the patient was offered massage therapy or aromatherapy to relax them, this may in the long run be more beneficial to the patients health. The implications of long time chemical drug use has been publicised many of times, yet there is no evidence to suggest that the services that CAM offer would harm with long term use. So why is the funding not available for more research to be done to help gain peoples confidence in CAM? I agree that times are hard with the NHS, but really in the majority of matters with the government it always comes down to funding or rather lack of funding. If we take funding/money out of the equation then is another problem area for CAM that people have closed minds, in that they do not want to try something new? It would be interesting if the ages of the General Practitioners were available who readily refer patients on to organisations that use CAM, because as people get older they become less accustomed to change, and are the new generation of doctors more open to change, whereas the older generation of doctors are more prone to not changing from chemical drugs. I will be interested to see what happens with the introduction of more CAM services within the NHS, will time change things? We can only wait and see, but personally I would like to see more of CAM introduced in the NHS.

Media coursework

The age 14–25 is an appropriate target audience for the story line I have chosen. My comic book is also aimed at boys which is stereotypical but I found that during my research cost boys buy darker, gorier comic books so this helped me pick the colors for my horror comic book front cover.My comic book also represents the social group of people who Like dark, gothic, horror comics. I have achieved this through the use of dark colors. By using the Image of a superhero standing tall on the front of the page, this brings In the serious feel to horror. This can then be seen as the person In the image not wanting to mess about, linking to the horror theme again-I researched lots f gothic comic books before so had a very good knowledge of what a typical horror comic book front cover looked like.In this image I decided to make the moon brighter to show the amount of light against the dark colors. Also, this made the comic book front cover stand out more to my audience. Using photos I also cut around the circle to there was no black to make the moon be more clear to the audience against the dark background. Through the process of constructing my product I have become much more advanced at using photos than I was before.It gave me a chance to use a lot of the features which I had not used before such as: the lasso tool which I found extremely helpful when transferring images onto my front cover. I used photos to edit my photos to make them look darker. If I was going to repeat this assignment I would of liked to of chosen a different purely because I am a girl so I am not very interested it that theme. Also, I would of liked to of chosen a different layout for my product because I feel like my comic book was not very original or creative.

life and death essays

life and death essays Society should pay more attention to animals and their rights. In my opinion, pursuing a vegetarian lifestyle is more humane. Animal cruelty should be publicized so people can be aware of the torture their dinner has gone through. Cows, Chicken, and pigs are the three main animals that we consume. Virgil Butler is a former employee of the Tyson chicken slaughter plant in Grannis, AR. In 2003 Virgil stated I have seen the chickens blinded by the ammonia fumes that build up in the houses. ...Ive seen chickens starve...because their feet were stuck in the muck... Cull the runts [means] pulling their heads off (Butler 1). Its obvious already that no living creature should be treated with such disrespect. Turkey and chicken are genetically altered to grow twice as fast and twice as large as an average turkey or chicken as of 20 years ago. All living creatures should be able to live their live the way most human beings do. Obviously they cant make money or get married, but they should be treated the same, in the fact that animals should not have to live their whole life in a cage, or have to be given hormones so farmers can make more money. There is no reason for man to take the life of a cow or pig for his own nourishment. With knowledge of the food pyramid everyone should be taking in approximately two to three servings a day. One serving is around two ounces; 1 tablespoon (15 milliliters) of peanut butter, plus 1/2 cup (118 milliliters) of cooked dry beans is equal to two ounces. Already you are done with one serving, and no one has to die for it. I wouldnt be able to live off of peanut butter and beans any longer then the next guy, and those arent the only options. Plants also can provide you with protein, and the ones containing the most are : lentils, tofu, nuts, seeds, tempeh, miso, and peas. When becoming a vegetarian you need to also be aware of a vi...

Why Conservatives Oppose Raising the Minimum Wage

Why Conservatives Oppose Raising the Minimum Wage A new Raise the Wage wave has been sweeping the country recently. In California, lawmakers passed a deal to increase the wage to $15/hour by 2022. Seattle passed a similar bill in 2015, and the evidence points to a possible negative impact of such a large increase. So, why do conservatives oppose artificially high minimum wages anyway? First, Who Gets Paid a Minimum Wage? The first assumption of those who want to raise the minimum wage is that these people need their minimum wages raised. But who are these jobs meant for? The week I turned sixteen I started my first job. It was a glorious job that involved walking outside of the largest retailer in the world, collecting buggies, and pushing them back inside. Occasionally, I would help people load items into their cars, too. In full disclosure, this retailer actually paid me 40 cents above minimum wage to start. I met a lot of other people my age here, too. Together, we all went to school during the day and worked at night or on the weekends. Oh, and my mother also had a part-time job at the same place just to make a little extra cash. At sixteen, I had no bills. Although times are changing if I believe MTV’s Teen Mom, I also had no family to support. That minimum wage job was meant for me. It was also meant for my mom who already worked one stressful job and wanted to make a little money on the side doing less-stressful cashier work a few hours a week. Minimum wage jobs are intended to be entry level. You start at the bottom, and then through hard work, start making more money. Minimum wage jobs are not intended to be lifetime careers. They most certainly are not intended to be able to support a full family. Yes, all situations are different. And in the current economy, even these jobs are hard to come by sometimes. Higher Minimum Wage, Fewer Minimum Wage Jobs The process-based and emotional plea of raising the minimum wage is easy to do. Oh, so you don’t think American workers deserve to be able to live comfortably if they are working full time?. Thats what they will say. But economics isn’t that easy. It isn’t as though the minimum wage is increased by 25% and nothing else changes. In fact, everything changes. For starters, jobs become fewer. Make something more costly and you get less of it. Welcome to Economics 101. Most minimum wage jobs are not essential jobs (say, pushing buggies from a parking lot) and making them more costly also makes them more expendable. Add to that the recent job-killer was known as Obamacare and pretty soon you won’t have to worry about minimum wage jobs because there will be very few left. Employers would rather pay one excellent employee $16/hr with benefits rather than pay two inexperienced entry-level workers $9 with benefits. The net result is fewer jobs as duties are consolidated into fewer and fewer positions. The anti-business policies that started in 2009 have proven this point as by 2013 there were 2 million fewer people working than four years earlier, with the highest unemployment rates being in the young adult/entry level age brackets. A federal minimum wage increase is also highly uneven as the cost of living in Mississippi is very different than that of New York City. A federal minimum wage increase would disproportionately hurt business in states where everything costs less, but now the cost of labor costs much more. This is why conservatives would prefer a state-based approach as one size does not fit all. Higher Costs Wipe Out Gains in Income Not only would raising the minimum wage to reduce the number of available jobs, but it probably would fail to make life â€Å"cheaper† for these workers in the long run anyway. Imagine that every retailer, small business, gas station, and fast food and pizza joint were forced to increase the pay of their heavily teen, college-aged, part-time, and second-job workforce by 25%. Do they just go â€Å"oh okay† and do nothing to make up for that? Of course, they don’t. They either reduce employee head count (likely not making their situations â€Å"better†) or increase the cost of their product or service. So while you boost the minimum wage of these workers (even assuming they are the working poor) it doesn’t matter much because the price of every product they plan to purchase from other retailers, fast food joints, and small business just skyrocketed to pay for the pay increases. At the end of the day, the value of the dollar is merely weakened and the ability to purchase more goods becomes more  expensive anyway. Middle-Class Hit Hardest The dominoes keep falling, and now they head toward the middle class. If the minimum wage is flat-out increased – even for teens and second jobbers and retirees who don’t need an increase- it does not mean that employers would raise the wages of their middle-class workers who are more likely to be in a career. But just as the purchasing power of the dollar is diminished by higher prices for minimum wage workers, it is also increased for the middle class who are purchasing the same goods and services. But unlike the lower wage workers, the middle class does not automatically get a 25% increase in pay in order to absorb the cost of higher prices. In the end, a feel-good policy could cause even further havoc on the middle class and small businesses, while doing almost nothing to help those who the law was intended to help.

STRATEGIES ON HOW TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES IN AUTOMATING THE Essay

STRATEGIES ON HOW TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES IN AUTOMATING THE OPERATION OF GOVERNMENT PROCESSES - Essay Example In support of this overall objective it is the aim of the proposed thesis to determine the challenges that automation projects face in the course of its implementations. Another aim is to determine the most effective strategies that can be used to resolve the challenges listed. The final aim that supports the overall objective is to determine the possibility of success of the strategies listed. Finally in order to determine the relevance of this thesis, the proposed thesis shall determine the resulting success or failure of automation the processes of governments. Background Investment in e-government initiative is considers a significant investment by many governments worldwide (Hunter&Tan, 2006). It is unfortunate that many of these investments have been unsuccessful (Heeks, 2001). E-government simply is an electronic version of traditional governmental transaction and communication processes. As mentioned in the literature, many governments around the world attracted to adopt and implement e-government in order to improve their performance. Improve performance is a broad term that includes provide faster and better services at lower cost with a high level of confidentiality and quality. Also, such e-government investment creates many promising economical and innovative opportunities. Governments around the world provide their service to a large number of their citizens governmental bodies, and another public and private sectors (Alshehry, 2008). Thus, the traditional ways of managing government interrelated relationship with parties mentioned above have became a complex and exhausted process that need to be improved. Here, emerged the importance to adopt and implement e-government. Providing e-government services to citizens associated positively with citizen’s satisfaction by saving time, money, and effort (Kumar & Best, 2006). Also, e-government provides high level of transparency to all involved parties and increases the level of effectiveness and efficiency. Development of Research Problem E-government has been associated in positively building trust in the government through providing transparency and interactivity to people ( Welch, 2005). Also, e-government is associated with building and managing relationships (Layne& Lee, 2001) with citizens, public and private sector, and more which could create many of business opportunities. On another hand, an e-government initiative is still unmanageable and in its infant stage as mentioned by Layne& Lee (2001) including infrastructure, policy, interoperability. Successful initiative of e-government does not necessarily ensure the success of subsequent stages (Kumar & Best, 2006). Also, the failure rate in most of e-government projects relatively high (Lessa, Belachew, & Anteneh, 2011, Heeks, 2001). There are many challenges that hinder successful e-government projects. Thus, theses challenges need to be investigated. The focus need to be placed on understanding the factors that hi nder the success and delay its implementation. As mentioned in the literature, the full advantages of e-government implementation have not been reaped yet; the